![]() ![]() However, the single-layer bandana (made from an elastic T-shirt material) and folded handkerchief were less effective. (Image credit: Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science ) Homemade cloth masks (top) and cone-style masks (bottom) worked the best at reducing droplet spread, although there was some leakage at the top of the mask in each case. The visualizations shows that face masks dramatically reduce the spread of cough droplet particles, from 12 feet without a mask to just a few inches with a mask. In a new visualization, researchers simulated a cough, which appears as a glowing green vapor flowing from a mannequin's mouth. The cone-style mask also worked well, with droplets traveling just about 8 inches (20 cm) from the face. When the mannequin wore this mask, droplets traveled only about 2.5 inches (6.35 centimeters) forward from the face. The homemade stitched cotton mask - with its multiple layers and snug fit - reduced the spread of the droplets the most, although there was some leakage at the top of the mask between the nose and the cloth material. They found that, with no mask covering, the simulated coughs traveled up to 12 feet in 50 seconds. The researchers then placed several types of non-medical masks on the mannequin head to test their effectiveness at blocking these "coughs." These included a homemade mask stitched with two layers of cotton fabric used for quilting (with 70 threads per inch), a single-layer bandana, a loosely folded cotton handkerchief and a non-sterile cone-style mask sold in pharmacies. In this setup, simulated coughs appear as a glowing green vapor flowing from the mannequin's mouth. They then visualized the vapor droplets using a "laser sheet" created by passing a green laser pointer through a cylindrical rod. ![]() To simulate a cough, the researchers connected a mannequin's head to a fog machine (which creates a vapor from water and glycerin), and used a pump to expel the vapor through the mannequin's mouth. ![]()
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